Paddle leads and delivery tools, and associated systems and methods

ABSTRACT

Paddle leads and delivery tools, and associated systems and methods are disclosed. A representative system is for use with a signal delivery paddle that is elongated along a longitudinal axis, and has a paddle length and a first cross-sectional area distribution that includes a first maxima. The system comprises a delivery tool including a proximal handle and a distal connection portion positioned to removably couple to the signal delivery paddle. The paddle and the delivery tool together have a combined second cross-sectional area distribution along the length of the paddle, with a second maxima that is no greater than the first maxima.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application claims priority to pending U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/469,430, filed Mar. 9, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure is directed to paddle leads and delivery tools, and associated systems and methods. In particular embodiments, the delivery tools are configured to have a low profile and to engage the paddle leads without requiring significant additional features and/or cross-sectional size increases for the paddle lead.

BACKGROUND

Neurological stimulators have been developed to treat pain, movement disorders, functional disorders, spasticity, cancer, cardiac disorders, and various other medical conditions. Implantable neurological stimulation systems generally have an implantable signal generator and one or more leads that deliver electrical pulses to neurological tissue and/or muscle tissue. For example, several neurological stimulation systems for spinal cord stimulation (SCS) have cylindrical leads that include a lead body with a circular cross-sectional shape and one or more conductive rings (i.e., contacts) spaced apart from each other at the distal end of the lead body. The conductive rings operate as individual electrodes and, in many cases, the SCS leads are implanted percutaneously through a needle inserted into the epidural space, with or without the assistance of a stylet.

In other clinical settings, the patient receives a paddle lead, which has flat electrodes and a larger, flattened profile, and which is implanted via a surgical procedure (e.g., a laminectomy or a laminotomy). An advantage of the paddle lead is that it is generally more stable than a percutaneous lead. An advantage of the percutaneous lead is that it is less invasive to implant.

In either of the above instances, the implanted electrodes are connected to the implantable signal generator. The signal generator applies electrical pulses to the electrodes, which in turn modify the function of the patient's nervous system, such as by altering the patient's responsiveness to sensory stimuli and/or altering the patient's motor-circuit output. In SCS therapy for the treatment of pain, the signal generator applies electrical pulses to the spinal cord via the electrodes. In conventional SCS therapy, electrical pulses are used to generate sensations (known as paresthesia) that mask or otherwise alter the patient's sensation of pain. For example, in many cases, patients report paresthesia as a tingling sensation that is perceived as less uncomfortable than the underlying pain sensation.

In contrast to traditional or conventional (i.e., paresthesia-based) SCS, a form of paresthesia-free SCS has been developed that uses therapy signal parameters that treat the patient's sensation of pain without generating paresthesia or otherwise using paresthesia to mask the patient's sensation of pain. This technique can use high frequency signals to produce improved patient outcomes without producing paresthesia.

Whether the practitioner delivers high frequency or low frequency signals, delivering the signals via a paddle can present challenges. For example, while the paddle tends to be stable once implanted, it may be difficult to adequately steer the paddle into its proper location. Accordingly, there remains a need for improving surgical paddles and the techniques used to implant them.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a partially schematic illustration of an implantable spinal cord modulation system positioned at the spine to deliver therapeutic signals in accordance with several embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 1B is a partially schematic, cross-sectional illustration of a patient's spine, illustrating a representative location for an implanted signal delivery device configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology.

FIG. 2 is a partially schematic, isometric illustration of a representative signal delivery device and associated delivery tool configured in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 3A is a partially schematic end view of an embodiment of the delivery tool shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 3B is a partially schematic side view of an embodiment of the delivery tool shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a partially schematic illustration of a delivery tool fully engaged with a signal delivery device in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 5A is a partially schematic, isometric illustration of a signal delivery device having a paddle configuration in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 5B is an enlarged illustration of a portion of the signal delivery device shown in FIG. 5A.

FIG. 5C is a partially schematic, rear view of a portion of the signal delivery device shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B.

FIG. 6 is a partially schematic, isometric illustration of a delivery tool engaged with a signal delivery device in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating a normalized cross-sectional area of a signal delivery device, with and without an associated delivery tool, as a function of length, in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 8A is a partially schematic illustration of a delivery tool configured in accordance with another embodiment of the present technology.

FIG. 8B is a partially schematic end view of an embodiment of the delivery tool shown in FIG. 8A.

FIG. 8C is a partially schematic side view of an embodiment of the delivery tool shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

General aspects of the environments in which the disclosed technology operates are described below under Heading 1.0 (“Overview”) with reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B. Particular embodiments of the technology are described further under Heading 2.0 (“Representative Embodiments”) with reference to FIGS. 2-8.

1.0 Overview

FIG. 1A schematically illustrates a representative patient therapy system 100 for providing relief from chronic pain and/or other conditions, arranged relative to the general anatomy of a patient's spinal column 191. The system 100 can include a signal generator 101 (e.g., an implanted or implantable pulse generator or IPG), which may be implanted subcutaneously within a patient 190 and coupled to one or more signal delivery elements or devices 130 (one is shown in FIG. 1A). The signal delivery device 130 may be implanted within the patient 190, typically at or near the patient's spinal cord midline 189. The signal delivery device 130 carries features for delivering therapy to the patient 190 after implantation. The signal generator 101 can be connected directly to the signal delivery device 130, or it can be coupled to the signal delivery device 130 via a signal link or lead extension 102. In an embodiment wherein the signal generator is external to the patient, the signal generator can deliver a signal to the signal delivery device 130 via a wireless link, such as an RF communication link.

In a further representative embodiment, the signal delivery device 130 can include a paddle body, which carries one or more electrodes that direct electrical signals into the patient's tissue e.g., to provide for therapeutic relief. The paddle body can be connected to one or more leads or lead legs that carry the electrical signals from the signal generator 101 to the electrodes. To insert the paddle body, the practitioner makes an incision, typically caudal to the implantation site, performs a laminectomy or a laminotomy to provide space in which to introduce the paddle body, and then inserts the paddle body epidurally into the spinal canal.

In a representative embodiment, the signal delivery device 130 may be implanted to straddle the spinal cord midline 189. In particular embodiments, the signal delivery device 130 may be implanted at a vertebral level ranging from, for example, about T8 to about T12 e.g., to treat low back and/or leg pain. In other embodiments, one or more signal delivery devices can be implanted at other vertebral levels, e.g., as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0066411, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The signal generator 101 can transmit signals (e.g., electrical signals) to the signal delivery device 130 that up-regulate (e.g., excite) and/or down-regulate (e.g., block or suppress) target nerves. As used herein, and unless otherwise noted, the terms “modulate,” “modulation,” “stimulate,” and “stimulation” refer generally to signals that have either type of the foregoing effects on the target nerves. The signal generator 101 can include a machine-readable (e.g., computer-readable) or controller-readable medium containing instructions for generating and transmitting suitable therapy signals. The signal generator 101 and/or other elements of the system 100 can include one or more processor(s) 107, memory unit(s) 108, and/or input/output device(s) 112. Accordingly, the process of providing modulation signals, providing guidance information for positioning the signal delivery devices 110, establishing battery charging and/or discharging parameters, establishing signal delivery parameters, and/or executing other associated functions can be performed by computer-executable instructions contained by, on, or in computer-readable media located at the pulse generator 101 and/or other system components. Further, the pulse generator 101 and/or other system components may include dedicated hardware, firmware, and/or software for executing computer-executable instructions that, when executed, perform any one or more methods, processes, and/or sub-processes described herein. The dedicated hardware, firmware, and/or software also serve as “means for” performing the methods, processes, and/or sub-processes described herein. The signal generator 101 can also include multiple portions, elements, and/or subsystems (e.g., for directing signals in accordance with multiple signal delivery parameters), carried in a single housing, as shown in FIG. 1A, or in multiple housings.

The signal generator 101 can also receive and respond to an input signal received from one or more sources. The input signals can direct or influence the manner in which the therapy, charging, parameter selection and/or other process instructions are selected, executed, updated, and/or otherwise performed. The input signals can be received from one or more sensors (e.g., an input device 112 shown schematically in FIG. 1A for purposes of illustration) that are carried by the signal generator 101 and/or distributed outside the signal generator 101 (e.g., at other patient locations) while still communicating with the signal generator 101. The sensors and/or other input devices 112 can provide inputs that depend on or reflect patient state (e.g., patient position, patient posture, and/or patient activity level), and/or inputs that are patient-independent (e.g., time). Still further details are included in U.S. Pat. No. 8,355,797, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

In some embodiments, the signal generator 101 and/or signal delivery device 130 can obtain power to generate the therapy signals from an external power source 103. In one embodiment, for example, the external power source 103 can by-pass an implanted signal generator (or eliminate the need for an implanted signal generator) and generate a therapy signal directly at the signal delivery device 130 (or via signal relay components). The external power source 103 can transmit power to the implanted signal generator 101 and/or directly to the signal delivery device 130 using electromagnetic induction (e.g., RF signals). For example, the external power source 103 can include an external coil 104 that communicates with a corresponding internal coil (not shown) within the implantable signal generator 101, the signal delivery device 130, and/or a power relay component (not shown). The external power source 103 can be portable for ease of use.

In another embodiment, the signal generator 101 can obtain the power to generate therapy signals from an internal power source, in addition to or in lieu of the external power source 103. For example, the implanted signal generator 101 can include a non-rechargeable battery or a rechargeable battery to provide such power. When the internal power source includes a rechargeable battery, the external power source 103 can be used to recharge the battery. The external power source 103 can in turn be recharged from a suitable power source (e.g., conventional wall power).

During at least some procedures, an external stimulator or trial modulator 105 can be coupled to the signal delivery device 130 during an initial procedure, prior to implanting the signal generator 101. For example, a practitioner (e.g., a physician and/or a company representative) can use the trial modulator 105 to vary the modulation parameters provided to the signal delivery device 130 in real time, and select optimal or particularly efficacious parameters. These parameters can include the location from which the electrical signals are emitted, as well as the characteristics of the electrical signals provided to the signal delivery device 130. In some embodiments, input is collected via the external stimulator or trial modulator and can be used by the clinician to help determine what parameters to vary. In a typical process, the practitioner uses a cable assembly 120 to temporarily connect the trial modulator 105 to the signal delivery device 130. The practitioner can test the efficacy of the signal delivery device 130 in an initial position. The practitioner can then disconnect the cable assembly 120 (e.g., at a connector 122), reposition the signal delivery device 130, and reapply the electrical signals. This process can be performed iteratively until the practitioner obtains the desired position for the signal delivery device 130. Optionally, the practitioner may move the partially implanted signal delivery device 130 without disconnecting the cable assembly 120. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the iterative process of repositioning the signal delivery device 130 and/or varying the therapy parameters may not be performed. In still further embodiments, the trial procedure described above can be modified. For example, the patient may receive a percutaneous lead during the trial procedure (to determine if the patient responds to the therapy) and a permanently implanted paddle when receiving the implanted pulse generator 101.

The signal generator 101, the lead extension 102, the trial modulator 105 and/or the connector 122 can each include a receiving element 109 for connection to other system components. Accordingly, the receiving elements 109 can be patient implantable elements, or the receiving elements 109 can be integral with an external patient treatment element, device or component (e.g., the trial modulator 105 and/or the connector 122). The receiving elements 109 can be configured to facilitate a simple coupling and decoupling procedure between the signal delivery device 130, the lead extension 102, the pulse generator 101, the trial modulator 105 and/or the connector 122. The receiving elements 109 can be at least generally similar in structure and function to those described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0071593, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

After the signal delivery device 130 is implanted, the patient 190 can receive therapy via signals generated by the trial modulator 105, generally for a limited period of time. During this time, the patient wears the cable assembly 120 and the trial modulator 105 outside the body. Assuming the trial therapy is effective or shows the promise of being effective, the practitioner then replaces the trial modulator 105 with the implanted signal generator 101, and programs the signal generator 101 with therapy programs selected based on the experience gained during the trial period. Once the implantable signal generator 101 has been positioned within the patient 190, the therapy programs provided by the signal generator 101 can still be updated remotely via a wireless physician's programmer 117 (e.g., a physician's laptop, a physician's remote or remote device, etc.) and/or a wireless patient programmer 106 (e.g., a patient's laptop, patient's remote or remote device, etc.). Generally, the patient 190 has control over fewer parameters than does the practitioner. For example, the capability of the patient programmer 106 may be limited to starting and/or stopping the signal generator 101, and/or adjusting the signal amplitude. The patient programmer 106 may be configured to accept pain relief input as well as other variables, such as medication use.

In any of the foregoing embodiments, the parameters in accordance with which the signal generator 101 provides signals can be adjusted during portions of the therapy regimen. For example, the frequency, amplitude, pulse width, and/or signal delivery location can be adjusted in accordance with a pre-set therapy program, patient and/or physician inputs, and/or in a random or pseudorandom manner. Such parameter variations can be used to address a number of potential clinical situations. Certain aspects of the foregoing systems and methods may be simplified or eliminated in particular embodiments of the present disclosure. Further aspects of these and other expected beneficial results are detailed in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2010/0274314; 2009/0204173; and 2013/0066411 (all incorporated elsewhere herein by reference) and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0274317, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional illustration of the spinal cord 191 and an adjacent vertebra 195 (based generally on information from Crossman and Neary, “Neuroanatomy,” 1995 (published by Churchill Livingstone)), along with a signal delivery device 130 implanted at a representative location.

The spinal cord 191 is situated within a vertebral foramen 188, between a ventrally located ventral body 196 and a dorsally located transverse process 198 and spinous process 197. Arrows V and D identify the ventral and dorsal directions, respectively. The spinal cord 191 itself is located within the dura mater 199, which also surrounds portions of the nerves exiting the spinal cord 191, including the ventral roots 192, dorsal roots 193 and dorsal root ganglia 194. The dorsal roots 193 enter the spinal cord 191 at the dorsal root entry zone 187, and communicate with dorsal horn neurons located at the dorsal horn 186. The signal delivery device 130 can be positioned over the spinal cord midline 189 and can have a curved shape (in cross-section) to fit over the spinal cord 191. The signal delivery device 130 can also be flexible in both lateral and axial directions so as to conform to the patient's individual physiology. In other embodiments, the signal delivery device 130 can be positioned at other locations, e.g., toward the outer edge of the dorsal root entry zone 187 or at the dorsal root ganglia 194.

2.0 Representative Embodiments

FIG. 2 is a partially schematic, isometric illustration of a representative signal delivery device 130 and associated delivery tool 260. The signal delivery device 130 has a paddle configuration, and includes a paddle body 131 elongated along a longitudinal axis 141. The paddle body 131 has a length L along the longitudinal axis 141, a width W transverse to the longitudinal axis 141, and a thickness T transverse to the width W. In general, the paddle body 131 has a flattened configuration, with the thickness T less than the width W and the length L.

The paddle body 131 can have a first or upper surface 132 and a second or lower surface 133. The paddle body 131 carries one or more signal delivery electrodes 134 that are accessible from the lower surface 131. Accordingly, when the paddle body 131 is implanted so as to overlie the spinal cord, the exposed signal delivery electrodes 134 at the lower surface 133 are positioned to direct electrical signals towards the spinal cord.

Electrical current is directed to the paddle body 131 via one or more leads or lead tails 138, each of which carries one or more conductors 139 (shown schematically in FIG. 2). For example, in an embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the paddle body 131 can carry 16 signal delivery electrodes 134, which are supplied by a corresponding set of sixteen conductors 139, eight of which are housed in one lead or lead tail 138, and the remaining eight of which are housed in the other lead or lead tail 138. The lead tails 138 connect to the paddle body 131 at corresponding lead legs 135. The lead legs 135 can be separated by a gap 136 having a longitudinal dimension G generally aligned with the longitudinal axis 141. The paddle body 131 can further include an aperture 137 that extends along the longitudinal axis 141 in a direction distal from the gap 136. The gap 136 and the aperture 137 can facilitate engaging and disengaging the signal delivery device 130 and the delivery tool 260.

The delivery tool 260 can include a proximal region 261 having a handle 263 that the practitioner grasps to direct the motion of the signal delivery device 130. The delivery tool 260 can further include a distal region 262 having a connection portion 264 that releasably engages with the signal delivery device 130. The proximal region 261 can be inclined relative to the distal region 262 by a tool angle A so that the practitioner can comfortably grasp the handle 263 while moving the paddle body 131 in the desired direction.

In particular embodiments, the handle 263 can pivot relative to the distal region 262, so that the tool angle A is variable. For example, the delivery tool 260 can be formed from an injection molded plastic, and can be deliberately made more bendable at the juncture between the distal region 262 and the proximal region 261 than elsewhere along the length of the delivery tool 260. In a further particular aspect of this embodiment, the delivery tool 260 can have a reduced thickness at the juncture, e.g., in only the thickness direction T, so as to allow the tool angle A to change, without allowing the delivery tool 260 to bend or flex in other directions. An expected advantage of this arrangement is that the practitioner can change the tool angle A as the signal delivery device 130 is inserted and advanced, while still allowing the signal delivery device 130 to be advanced along the dura, rather than away from or into the dura. In a further particular aspect of this embodiment, the foregoing features are made simple, e.g., to reduce manufacturing costs and/or demands on the practitioner. Accordingly, the hinge between the distal region 262 and the proximal region 261 can be formed as an integral part of the delivery tool 260 (as described above), and can remain unfixed throughout the operation of the delivery tool 260. In other embodiments, the hinge can be more complex (e.g., can include a pivot pin), and/or can be releasably secured at any of a variety of desired tool angles A.

The connection portion 264 of the delivery tool 260 can include a central projection 265 that fits into the gap 136 between the lead legs 135 of the signal delivery device 130. By fitting snugly between the lead legs 135, the central projection 265 can give the practitioner control over the lateral motion of the signal delivery device 130 as it is inserted into the patient. In a particular embodiment, the central projection 265 can include opposing leading edges 269 (one of which is visible in FIG. 2) that extend beyond the longitudinal extent G of the gap 136 on the upper surface 132 and the lower surface 133. Accordingly, the central projection 265 can also provide a degree of control in the thickness direction T of the paddle body 131. In yet a further aspect of an embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the delivery tool 260 can also include an extension 266 that extends beyond the gap 136 and into the aperture 137 of the paddle body 131, to provide the practitioner with additional support and control of the paddle body 131. The connection portion 264 can include still further features that releasably interlock with corresponding features of the signal delivery device 130, as is described in further detail below with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B.

FIG. 3A is a partially schematic end view of the distal region 262 of an embodiment of the delivery tool 260 shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3B is a side view of the distal region 262. Referring to FIGS. 3A and 3B together, the distal region 262 can include two leg channels 267, each of which is positioned to receive a corresponding one of the lead legs 135 (FIG. 2). The leg channels 267 can be generally C-shaped in cross-section so that the lead legs 135 can slide into the leg channels 267. In a particular embodiment, the leg channel 267 can have an opening of at least 180° so that the leg can enter the leg channel 267 in a lateral direction or in an axial or longitudinal direction. In another embodiment, the opening into the leg channel 267 can have a circumferential extent of less than 180° so that the leg can either slide into the channel axially, or can be snapped into the channel laterally and can remain within the leg channels 267 without moving laterally outwardly away from the delivery tool 260. The diameter of one or more of the leg channels 267 can be selected to allow or inhibit axial motion of the lead legs 135. For example, if the diameter of the leg channel 267 is slightly greater than that of the lead leg 135 (resulting in a clearance fit), then the leg channel 267 can allow the lead leg 135 to slide into the leg channel axially and/or laterally. If the diameter of leg channel 267 is slightly less than that of the lead leg 135 (resulting in an interference fit), then the leg channel 267 inhibits axial motion of the lead leg 135, and the lead leg 135 will typically enter the leg channel 267 laterally rather than axially.

In a particular embodiment, the delivery tool 260 has a lower surface 272 shaped to reduce or eliminate the likelihood for the tool 260 to damage adjacent tissue. For example, the lower surface 272 can be recessed (e.g., in an upward direction in the view of FIGS. 3A and 3B) from the lower surface 133 of the paddle body 131 (FIG. 2). With such an arrangement, the tool lower surface 272 will not present a leading edge or forward facing step when inserted into the patient.

Referring now to FIG. 3B, the connection portion 262 can include two corresponding tail channels 268 (one of which is visible in FIG. 3B), each of which extends proximally from a corresponding one of the leg channels 267. The tail channels 268 can also be generally C-shaped in cross-section so as to receive the lead tails 138 (FIG. 2). The circumferential extent of the opening into the tail channel 268 can be either equal to or greater than 180° (so as to avoid lateral restriction) or less than 180° (so as to provide lateral restriction, generally in the manner discussed above with reference to the leg channels 267). The diameter of the tail channel 268 relative to the diameter of the lead tails 138 can also be selected to allow or inhibit axial motion of the lead tails 138, generally in the manner discussed above with reference to the leg channels 267. The leading edges 269 of the central portion 265 fit around the proximal end of the paddle body 131 (FIG. 2), as discussed above. The extension 266 extends into the aperture 137 (FIG. 2) of the lead body 131, as was also discussed above with reference to FIG. 2. The leading edges 269 can be outwardly chamfered or beveled so as not to present a steep forward facing step that might interfere with the practitioner's ability to smoothly advance and deliver the paddle body 131 into position within the patient. The leading edges 269 can be inwardly scarfed or chamfered to form a wedge shape that matches the proximal end of the paddle body 131.

FIG. 4 is a partially schematic, isometric illustration of the delivery tool 260 engaged with the signal delivery device 130. As shown in FIG. 4, the lead legs 135 of the signal delivery device 130 are received in the corresponding leg channels 267 of the delivery tool 260, and the lead tails 138 are received in the corresponding tail channels 268. The central portion 265 of the delivery tool 260 is located between the lead legs 135, with the leading edges 269 extending at least partially over the upper surface 132 and under the lower surface 133 of the paddle body 131. In this configuration, the practitioner can move the paddle body 131 into position and steer the paddle body 131 effectively, as a result of the positive and robust engagement between the delivery tool 260 and the signal delivery device 130. In addition, the tail channels 268 can keep the tails 138 in position so they are less likely to become twisted or entangled.

As is also shown in FIG. 4, the extension 266 of the delivery tool 260 extends into the aperture 137 of the paddle body 131. For example, the extension 266 can extend within the paddle body 131 by a distance ranging from about 10% to about 50% of the overall length of the paddle body 131. In further particular embodiments, the extension 266 can extend for about 25% of the length of the paddle body 131, as can the aperture 137.

In another aspect of this embodiment, the extension 266 can operate as part of an actuator 270 to disengage the paddle body 131 from the delivery tool 260 after the paddle body 131 is in its proper implanted position. For example, the extension 266 can be connected to an actuator cable 271 which is slideably carried in a corresponding channel or lumen of the delivery tool 260 to move axially, as indicated by arrow A. The practitioner can pull on the actuator cable 271 to place the extension 266 in a first (e.g., retracted) position, and push on the actuator cable 271 (with the channel or lumen preventing the actuator cable 271 from buckling), to place the extension 266 in a second (e.g., extended) position. In the extended position, the extension 266 pushes in a distal direction against the paddle body 131. This motion in turn forces the paddle body 131 away from the delivery tool 260.

If the leg channel 267 and/or the tail channel 268 have openings that extend circumferentially for less than 180°, the actuator 270 can be configured to push the signal delivery device (the lead legs and/or the tails) transversely or laterally outwardly from the delivery tool 260, as indicated by arrow T. For example, the actuator 270 can include a flexible element that expands laterally when actuated so as to force the lead legs and/or lead tails laterally outwardly from the corresponding channels in which they are housed. In a particular embodiment, the actuator 270 can split into a diamond shape (as indicated in dotted lines in FIG. 4) so as to exert a transverse or lateral disengaging force on the lead legs 135.

In still further embodiments, the actuator 270 can be eliminated. For example, the practitioner can partially insert the paddle body 131 into the spinal canal, or can fully insert the paddle body 131 into the spinal canal and then partially withdraw the paddle body. In either case, the proximal portion of the paddle body 131 can be exposed while the practitioner disengages the delivery tool 260 manually. For example, the practitioner can pop the lead tails 138 out of their corresponding tail channels 268 and remove the delivery tool 260 from engagement with the paddle body 131. The practitioner can then manually push the paddle body 131 over the final distance necessary to place it at its final implanted position.

FIGS. 5A-5C further illustrate an embodiment of the signal delivery device 130. FIG. 5A illustrates the overall signal delivery device 130, including the paddle body 131 carrying the signal delivery electrodes 134 and the associated leads 138. Corresponding proximal contacts 145 provide an electrical connection between the conductors within the leads 138, and the signal generation circuitry of the IPG 101 (FIG. 1A). FIG. 5B is an enlarged illustration of the paddle body 131, the lead legs 135, and the distal portions of the lead tails 138.

FIG. 5C is an enlarged illustration of the proximal portion of the paddle body 131, illustrating the gap 136 between the lead legs 135. Each of the lead legs 135 can include an inwardly facing surface 144 that is received in the corresponding leg channel 267 of the signal delivery device. The paddle body 131 includes a proximally facing surface 143 in which the aperture 137 is positioned. The aperture 137 can have a distal wall 140. Accordingly, the extension 266 (described above) can be actuated so as to move in a distal direction against the distal wall 140 to disengage the signal delivery device 130 from the delivery tool 260.

FIG. 6 is a partially schematic top view of the signal delivery device 130 and the delivery tool 260, shown in an engaged configuration. Accordingly, the extension 266 of the delivery tool 260 is positioned within the aperture 137 of the signal delivery device 130, proximate to the distal wall 140.

The paddle body 131 can include a tapering portion 142 that tapers inwardly toward the longitudinal axis 141 in a proximal direction. While the internal extension 266 may extend beyond the tapering portion 142, the external portions of the delivery tool, in this embodiment, do not extend beyond the tapering portion 142. For example, the central projection 265, which is positioned external to the paddle body 131, terminates within the length of the tapering portion 142. As discussed further below with reference to FIG. 7, this approach can reduce the profile of the combined paddle body 131 and delivery tool 260 to make delivering the lead body smoother.

FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the cross-sectional area of the signal delivery device 130 over its length L (e.g., the length of the paddle body 131, including the lead legs 135, but not including the lead tails 138). The cross-sectional area is taken normal to the longitudinal axis 141 (FIG. 2) of the signal delivery device 130 and so includes the extent of the signal delivery device in the widthwise direction W and thickness direction T (FIG. 2). The cross-sectional area has been normalized so that a value of 1.0 corresponds to the maximum cross-sectional area of the signal delivery device along its length L. Curve C1 corresponds to the normalized cross-sectional area of the lead body alone, without the delivery tool 260. Accordingly, the cross-sectional area increases over the tapering portion 142, reaches a first maximum M1, and remains constant until near the distal end of the lead body, at which point it rapidly decreases to zero. When the delivery tool 260 is engaged with the lead body, as indicated by curve C2, the combined cross-sectional area is increased, but only over the tapering portion 142. Accordingly, curve C2 has a second maximum M2 that is the same as the maximum M1 of the lead body alone. An advantage of this arrangement is that the presence of the signal delivery device is less likely to interfere with inserting the paddle body, and can be less likely to widen the incision made in the patient (to receive the paddle body) as the paddle body is inserted.

FIGS. 8A-8C illustrate a delivery tool 860 configured in accordance with another embodiment of the present technology. As shown in FIG. 8A, the delivery tool 860 can include a proximal region 861, and a distal region 862 having a connection portion 864 with a central portion 865. As shown in FIGS. 8B and 8C, the central portion 865 can have a leg channel 867, and a tail channel 868. In this embodiment, the delivery tool 860 does not include an extension or actuator, which were discussed above with reference to FIGS. 2-6. Accordingly, this embodiment can be simpler to manufacture than an embodiment that includes these features. Conversely, an embodiment that includes the extension and/or actuator can be simpler to disengage from the lead body, and may provide an additional level of control over the motion of the lead body.

One feature of several of the embodiments described above is that they can include elements that facilitate a positive engagement between the lead body and the delivery tool. For example, the leg channels 267, the tail channels 268, the extension 266, and the central projection 265 each provide one or more surfaces that are positively engaged with corresponding surfaces of the signal delivery device 130. At the same time, these features do not increase the maximum cross-sectional area of the signal delivery device, as discussed above with reference to FIG. 7. To the extent the foregoing features do increase the cross-sectional shape of the combined signal delivery device/delivery tool, the increase is in a region toward the proximal end of the lead body where the lead body is tapered and where the increase in cross-sectional area has limited or negligible effect.

Still further, the delivery tool can be shaped to reduce (e.g., minimize) the potential for catching on or otherwise damaging the adjacent tissue as it advances the signal delivery device into the patient. For example, the delivery tool can include chamfered, sloped, and/or recessed edges and surfaces to aid the practitioner in smoothly advancing the signal delivery device.

The devices described above may be used to deliver a number of suitable therapies, e.g., paresthesia-based therapies and/or paresthesia-free therapies. One example of a paresthesia-free SCS therapy system is a “high frequency” SCS system. High frequency SCS systems can inhibit, reduce, and/or eliminate pain via waveforms with high frequency elements or components (e.g., portions having high fundamental frequencies), generally with reduced or eliminated side effects. Such side effects can include unwanted paresthesia, unwanted motor stimulation or blocking, unwanted pain or discomfort, and/or interference with sensory functions other than the targeted pain. In a representative embodiment, a patient may receive high frequency therapeutic signals with at least a portion of the therapy signal at a frequency of from about 1.5 kHz to about 100 kHz, or from about 1.5 kHz to about 50 kHz, or from about 3 kHz to about 20 kHz, or from about 5 kHz to about 15 kHz, or at frequencies of about 8 kHz, 9 kHz, or 10 kHz. These frequencies are significantly higher than the frequencies associated with conventional “low frequency” SCS, which are generally below 1,200 Hz, and more commonly below 100 Hz. Accordingly, modulation at these and other representative frequencies (e.g., from about 1.5 kHz to about 100 kHz) is occasionally referred to herein as “high frequency stimulation,” “high frequency SCS,” and/or “high frequency modulation.” Further examples of paresthesia-free SCS systems are described in U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2009/0204173 and 2010/0274314, the respective disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.

From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that specific embodiments of the present technology have been described herein for purposes of illustration, but that various modifications may be made without deviating from the present technology. For example, the signal delivery device may have more or fewer signal delivery contacts or electrodes than are specifically illustrated above. The signal delivery tool can have actuator mechanisms different than those specifically described above. Several of the elements identified above with separate reference numbers maybe integrated to form a single unit. For example, the lead body and lead legs may be formed as a single, integral unit.

Certain aspects of the technology described in the context of particular embodiments may be combined or eliminated in other embodiments. For example, as discussed above, the actuator may be eliminated in some embodiments. In other embodiments, the signal delivery tool can include fewer than all the features described above. In particular, the signal delivery device can include a leg channel, but no tail channel. In another embodiment, the extension can be eliminated. Accordingly, the signal delivery tool can include any of a number of suitable combinations of the foregoing features, depending upon the particular embodiment. Further, while advantages associated with certain embodiments of the technology have been described in the context of those embodiments, other embodiments may also exhibit such advantages, and not all embodiments need necessarily exhibit such advantages to all within the scope of the present technology. Accordingly, the disclosure and associated technology can encompass other embodiments not expressly shown or described herein.

To the extent any materials incorporated by reference herein conflict with the present disclosure, the present disclosure controls. 

I claim:
 1. A patient therapy system, comprising: a signal delivery paddle including: a paddle body having an upper surface and a lower surface facing away from the upper surface, the paddle body carrying a plurality of signal delivery electrodes and having two lead legs projecting in a proximal direction and separated by a gap; and two lead tails, each extending from a corresponding one of the lead legs and each carrying at least one conductor electrically connected to a corresponding one of the signal delivery electrodes; and a delivery tool removably coupleable to the signal delivery paddle, the delivery tool including: a proximal handle; a distal connection portion having: a central projection sized to fit within the gap between the two legs of the signal delivery paddle; two oppositely-facing leg channels, each positioned to receive a corresponding one of the lead legs; two oppositely-facing tail channels, each positioned to receive a corresponding one of the lead tails; and an actuator positioned to move between a first position in which the distal connection portion is engaged with the signal delivery paddle, and a second position in which the signal delivery paddle is forced away from the distal connection portion.
 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the paddle body includes a blind aperture, and wherein the distal connection portion of the delivery tool includes an extension positioned to be releasably received in the aperture.
 3. The system of claim 2 wherein the extension is carried by the central projection.
 4. The system of claim 2 wherein the extension is a portion of the actuator.
 5. The system of claim 1 wherein the paddle body alone has a paddle body length, is elongated along a longitudinal axis, and has a first cross-sectional area distribution along the longitudinal axis, the first cross-sectional area distribution including a first maxima, and wherein the paddle body and the delivery tool together have a combined second cross-sectional area distribution along the longitudinal axis, the second cross-sectional area distribution including a second maxima over the length of the paddle body that is no greater than the first maxima.
 6. The system of claim 1 wherein the delivery tool has no forward facing steps over the length of the paddle body.
 7. The system of claim 1 wherein the delivery tool has at least one forward facing edge over the length of the paddle body.
 8. The system of claim 1 wherein a diameter of at least one of the leg channels of the delivery tool is greater than a diameter of a corresponding at least one lead leg of the signal delivery paddle.
 9. The system of claim 1 wherein a diameter of at least one of the leg channels of the delivery tool is less than a diameter of a corresponding at least one lead leg of the signal delivery paddle.
 10. The system of claim 1 wherein the central portion has a leading edge that fits over the upper surface of the paddle body.
 11. The system of claim 1 wherein the central portion has a leading edge that fits under the lower surface of the paddle body.
 12. The system of claim 1 wherein the central portion has a first leading edge that fits over the upper surface of the paddle body and a second leading edge that fits under the lower surface of the paddle body.
 13. A patient therapy system for use with a signal delivery paddle, the signal delivery paddle being elongated along a longitudinal axis, and having a paddle length and a first cross-sectional area distribution along the paddle length, the first cross-sectional area distribution including a first maxima, the therapy system comprising: a delivery tool including: a proximal handle; and a distal connection portion positioned to removably couple to the signal delivery paddle; and wherein the signal delivery paddle and the delivery tool together have a combined second cross-sectional area distribution along the length of the signal delivery paddle, the second cross-sectional area distribution including a second maxima that is no greater than the first maxima.
 14. The system of claim 13 wherein the signal delivery paddle includes a paddle body and at least one lead extending from the paddle body, and wherein the paddle length includes the paddle body but not the at least one lead.
 15. The system of claim 13 wherein the delivery tool includes an actuator positioned to move between a first position in which the distal connection portion is engaged with the signal delivery paddle, and a second position in which the signal delivery paddle is forced away from the distal connection portion.
 16. The system of claim 15 wherein the actuator includes cable that moves axially relative to the distal connection portion between the first position and the second position.
 17. The system of claim 15 wherein the signal delivery paddle includes an aperture, and wherein the delivery tool includes an extension that is positioned within the aperture when the actuator is in the first position.
 18. The system of claim 15 wherein the signal delivery paddle includes a paddle body having two lead legs separated by a gap, and wherein the distal connection portion includes a central projection sized to fit within the gap between the two legs of the signal delivery device.
 19. The system of claim 15 wherein the signal delivery paddle includes a paddle body having two lead legs separated by a gap, and wherein the distal connection portion includes two oppositely-facing leg channels, each positioned to receive a corresponding one of the lead legs.
 20. The system of claim 15 wherein the signal delivery paddle includes two lead tails, each carrying at least one conductor electrically connected to a corresponding signal delivery electrode, and wherein the distal connection portion of the delivery tool includes two oppositely-facing tail channels, each positioned to receive a corresponding one of the lead tails.
 21. The system of claim 15, further comprising the signal delivery paddle.
 22. A patient therapy system, comprising: a signal delivery paddle including: a paddle body having an upper surface and a lower surface facing away from the upper surface, the paddle body carrying a plurality of signal delivery electrodes accessible from the lower surface, the paddle body having a blind aperture extending from a proximal surface on the paddle in a distal direction, the paddle body further having two lead legs separated by a gap; and two lead tails, each extending from a corresponding one of the lead legs and each carrying at least one conductor electrically connected to a corresponding one of the signal delivery electrodes.
 23. The system of claim 22 wherein a width of the paddle body transverse to an axis along which the blind aperture extends tapers in a proximal direction, inwardly toward the axis.
 24. The system of claim 22 wherein the plurality of signal delivery electrodes includes sixteen electrodes.
 25. A method for implanting a signal delivery paddle in a patient, comprising: engaging a delivery tool with the signal delivery paddle by placing a distal portion of the delivery tool in a gap between two proximally extending lead legs of the signal delivery paddle; positioning the signal delivery paddle in the patient by manipulating the delivery tool; and disengaging the delivery tool from the signal delivery paddle.
 26. The method of claim 25 wherein engaging the delivery tool with the signal delivery paddle includes inserting an extension of the delivery tool into an aperture of the signal delivery paddle.
 27. The method of claim 26 wherein disengaging the delivery tool from the signal delivery paddle includes activating an actuator to push the signal delivery paddle off the delivery tool.
 28. The method of claim 25 wherein engaging the delivery tool with the signal delivery paddle includes inserting at least one lead leg of the signal delivery paddle into a corresponding leg channel of the delivery tool.
 29. The method of claim 26 wherein inserting includes inserting in an axial direction.
 30. The method of claim 26 wherein inserting includes inserting in a lateral direction.
 31. The method of claim 30 wherein the leg channel has an opening with a circumferential extent of less than 180°, and wherein inserting includes snapping the lead leg into the leg channel.
 32. The method of claim 25 wherein engaging the delivery tool with the signal delivery paddle includes inserting at least one lead tail of the signal delivery paddle into a corresponding tail channel of the delivery tool.
 33. The method of claim 32 wherein inserting includes inserting in an axial direction.
 34. The method of claim 32 wherein inserting includes inserting in a lateral direction.
 35. The method of claim 34 wherein the tail channel has an opening with a circumferential extent of less than 180°, and wherein inserting includes snapping the lead tail into the tail channel. 